Afro-Asiatic
| Ancient Egyptian | Ancient Egyptian, Coptic |
| Berber | Tamasheq (Tuareg), Kabyl, Rif |
| Chadic | Hausa, Mandara |
| Cushitic | Beja, Somali, Oromo (Gallinya) |
| Omotic | Walamo |
| Semitic | Arabic, Hebrew, Maltese, Amharic, Tigre, Tigrinya, Akkadian, Assyrian, Aramaic |
Algic
| Yurok, Wiyot, Cree, Ojibwa, Micmac, Fox, Shawnee, Blackfoot |
Altaic
| Mongolian | Classical Mongolian; Moghol, Dagur, Kalmyk, Oirat, Buriat, Khalkha (Modern Mongolian) |
| Tungus | Even, Evenki, Manchu, Orok |
| Turkic | Old Turkish; Turkish, Chuvash, Gagauz, Turkmen, Azerbaijani, Uighur, Uzbek, Bashkir, Tatar, Kazakh, Kirghiz, Yakut, Altai |
Andean
| Iquito, Quechua, Aymara, Mapudungu (Araucanian) |
Australian
| All the aboriginal languages of mainland Australia (but not of Tasmania) |
Austro-Asiatic
| Mon-Khmer | Vietnamese, Muong, Khmer (Cambodian), Khasi, Nicobarese |
| Munda | Korku, Santali, Mundari, Korwa |
Austronesian
| Central Malayo-Polynesian | Maluku languages (Taliabo, Geser, Kei, Yamdena); Timor-Flores languages (Sikka, Tetun, Letri Lgona); Waima'a; Bima-Sumba languages (Bima, Savu, Manggarai, Ngada) |
| Formosan | Atayal; Tsou; Paiwan |
| Oceanic | Polynesian languages (Samoan, Tahitian, Maori, Hawaiian); Rotuman, Fijian; Micronesian languages (Marshallese, Trukese); Others (Sissano, Motu, Arawe, Simbo) |
| South Halmahera - NW New Guinea | Kaiwai, Onin, Irahutu; Gane, Misool, Waigeo, Waropen |
| Western Malayo-Polynesian | Philippines languages (Tagalog, Cebuano); Sundic languages (Malay, Bahasa Indonesia, Sundanese, Achinese, Javanese); Borneo languages (Melanau); Celebes languages (Bugis, Makassarese); Malagasy |
Aztec-Tanoan
| Tanoan, Northern and Southern Paiute, Comanche, Hopi, Nahuatl (Aztec) |
Caddoan
| Wichita, Pawnee |
Caucasian
| North Caucasian | Kabardian, Abxaz, Chechen, Ingush, Avar, Dargwa |
| South Caucasian | Georgian, Mingrelian, Laz |
Chibchan-Paezan
| Tarascan, Yanonamö, Timucua, Guaymi, Paez, Cayapa-Colorado, Sanuma, Katio, Chibcha, Cuaiquer |
Chimakuan
| Chimakum, Quileute |
Chukchi-Kamchatkan
| Chukchi, Kerek, Koryak, Kamchadal |
Daic
| Thai, Lao, Zhuang, Northern Thai, Southern Thai, Bouyei, Shan, Zhongjia, Kam, Li |
Dravidian
| Brahui, Malto, Gondi, Kuvi, Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, Toda |
Equatorial-Tucanoan
| Cocama, Guarani, Tucano, Ticuna, Apurina, Baniwa, Guajajara, Kaiwa, Nhengatu, Terena |
Eskimo-Aleut
| Aleut, Inuit, Yupik |
Ge-Pano-Carib
| Chulupi, Vejoz, Toba, Galibi (Carib), Fulnio, Kaingang, Cayapo, Makushi |
Gulf
| Yuki, Wappo, Natchez, Choctaw, Muskogee, Tunica |
Hokan
| Karok, Shasta, Pomo languages, Washo, Yuma, Seri, Tlapanec |
Indo-European
| Little-attested European IE languages from antiquity | Illyrian, Venetic, Thracian, Dacian, Ligurian |
| Albanian | Albanian |
| Anatolian | Hittite, Luwian, Lycian, Palaic |
| Armenian | Armenian (Classical and Modern) |
| Baltic | Latvian, Lithuanian, Old Prussian |
| Celtic | Old Irish; Irish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, Cornish, Gaulish |
| Germanic | Gothic, Old High German, Old English, Old Norse; English, Frisian, Dutch, Afrikaans, German (High), Low German (Plattdeutsch), Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Faroese, Icelandic |
| Greek (Hellenic) | Greek (Mycenaean and Classical Greek, ancient Greek dialects, Koine, Modern Greek) |
| Indo-Iranian | Sanskrit, Avestan, Old Persian; Prakrit, Pali; Sinhalese, Kashmiri, Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Sindhi, Punjabi, Hindi-Urdu, Nepali, Oriya, Bengali, Assamese; Ossetic, Bactrian, Pashto, Baluchi, Kurdi, Farsi (Persian), Tajik; Romani (Gypsy) |
| Italic | Latin, Oscan, Umbrian |
| Romance | Romanian, Italian, Sardinian, Friulian, Romansh, Occitan, Franco-Provençal, French, Catalan, Spanish, Portuguese |
| Slavic | Old Church Slavonic; Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Sorbian, Czech, Slovak, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Bulgarian |
| Tocharian | Tocharian (A and B) |
Indo-Pacific (Papuan)
| Languages of New Guinea and of islands to its E and W which are not in the Austronesian family; also (possibly) extinct Tasmanian, and the (mostly) extinct languages of the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. |
Iroquoian
| Huron, Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Cherokee |
Japanese
| Japanese, Ryukyuan |
Khoisan
| Hadza, !Kung (Qxû), Naron |
Korean
| Korean |
Mayan
| Huave, Totonac, Mixe, Yucatec (and other Mayan languages) |
Miao-Yao
| Miao, Laka, Punu, Mien (Yao) |
Na-Dene
| Tlingit, Haida, Athabaskan languages (incl. Navajo, Apache) |
Niger-Kordofanian
| Adamawa-Eastern | Sango, Baya |
| Benue-Congo | Swahili, Kongo, Zulu, Xhosa, Lingala, Shona |
| Gur (Voltaic) | Mossi |
| Kordofanian | Kadugli, Rere |
| Kwa | Ga, Yoruba, Igbo, Akan, Ewe |
| Mande | Maninka, Mende |
| West Atlantic | Fulani, Wolof |
Nilo-Saharan
| Songhai, Luo, Maasai |
Oto-Manguean
| Amuzgo, Otomi, Mazahua, Pame, Mazatec |
Penutian
| Yokuts languages, Miwok languages, Klamath, Lower/Upper Chinook, Tsimshian, Zuni |
Salish
| Lillooet, Shuswap, Bella Coola, Comox, Sishistl, Squamish, Halkomelem, Straits Salish, Quinault, Tillamook |
Sino-Tibetan
| Karen | Pa-o, Pho, Kayeh |
| Sinitic | Old Chinese; Mandarin, Yue (Cantonese), Wu, Gan (Hakka), Min |
| Tibeto-Burman | Tibetan, Lepcha, Newari, Dzongkha (Bhutanese); Burmese, Kachin, Lolo, Lepcha; Bodo |
Siouan-Yuchi
| Crow, Dakota (Sioux), Yuchi |
Uralic
| Finno-Ugric | Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Xanty (Ostyak), Mansi (Vogul), Udmurt (Votyak), Komi (Ziryen), Mari (Cheremis), Mordvin, Saami (Lappish), Votic |
| Samoyed | Nenets, Enets, Selkup, Kamas |
| Yukaghir | Yukaghir |
Wakashan
| Kwakiutl, Bella Bella, Heiltsuk, Kitamat, Haisla, Nootka, Nitinat |
Language Isolates
| Meroitic (in Africa); Beothuk, Chiquitano, Karankawa, Keres, Kutenai, Timucua (in the Americas); Ainu, Burushaski, Elamite, Gilyak, Hurrian, Ket, Nahali, Sumerian (in Asia); Basque, Etruscan, Pictish (?) (in Europe) |
Copyright Gabor Sandi 1998-2024
Disclaimer: Everything on this site was written and/or prepared at the author's discretion. The author has tried to be accurate where facts are presented, but this does not mean that these facts are necessarily accurate. People needing more reliable information should refer to appropriate sources presented, on the Internet or elsewhere, by authoritative professional or academic bodies.
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